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Tongji University
Tongji University (), colloquially known as Tongji (同济, Tóngjì), located in Shanghai, has more than 50,000 students and 8,000 staff members (as of 1 September 2007). It offers degree programs at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Established in 1907 by the German government together with German physicians in Shanghai, Tongji is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in higher education of China.
Among its various departments, Tongji University is especially highly ranked in engineering, among which its architecture, urban planning and civil engineering departments have consistently ranked among the top five in China for decades, and its automotive engineering, oceanography, environmental science, software engineering, and German language departments are also among the best in China.
==History==
The history of Tongji University can be traced back to 1907 when the German Medical School for the Chinese in Shanghai was founded by the German government together with the German physicians Erich Paulun, Oscar von Schab and Paul Krieg. The school was affiliated with the Tongji-Hospital the German physicians had established in Shanghai on the initiative of Paulun.〔See Roswitha Reinbothe (ed.), Tongji-Universität in Shanghai. Dokumente zur Gründungsgeschichte, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2009.〕 The name Tongji〔''Tongji'' is the Chinese (Shanghai dialect) phonetic approximation of ''deutsche'' (German).〕 suggests cooperating by riding the same boat. The school was expanded to include engineering in its programs and got its new name as German Medical and Engineering School for the Chinese in Shanghai in 1912.〔The degrees granted by the German Medical College in Shanghai corresponded to the degrees granted by medical schools in Germany.〕 It was formally established as a Chinese university under the name of Tongji University in 1923/1924 and was renamed as National Tongji University in 1927. During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), the university campus was moved from Shanghai first to Zhejiang Province, then to Jiangxi Province and Yunnan Province and later to Sichuan Province. It was eventually moved back to Shanghai in 1946.〔With a few exceptions, the German members of the Faculty of Medicine stayed behind in Shanghai and established in 1940 in the International Settlement the Shanghai German Medical Academy (''Deutsche medizinische Akademie Shanghai''; alternative spelling ''Schanghai''). The school functioned at 82 Tongfu Road (later Shimenyi Road) and at #10, 100 Changshu Road, continuing medical and educational activities throughout the war. Upon the return of the National Tongji University to Shanghai, the Academy, with all its students, was re-integrated in the Faculty of Medicine. See ((History of) #10, 100 Changshu Road (Shanghai) ), in Chinese.〕 It then grew to be a comprehensive university which offered programs in science, engineering, medicine, arts, and law. Following a nationwide campaign of reorganizing schools and departments between universities in 1952, Tongji University became a university knowns for its civil engineering and architecture programs. Tongji is also the first university that introduced Urban Planning into China. In 1952, the first twelve full professors of Tongji are: 李国豪, 周念先, 钱仲毅, 陈超, 周方白 (周圭), 李寿康, et al.
As a university which had established a reputation for its research, Tongji became one of the first batch of universities which were authorized by the China State Council to establish its Graduate School. As one of the leading universities, it was successful in its application for the 211 Program which provided universities with substantial government fund. In 1995, the university became one to be jointly supported by the State Education Commission and the Shanghai Municipal Government. In 1996 the university merged with Shanghai Institute of Urban Construction and Shanghai Institute of Building Materials. The merger was acknowledged by the State Council as "Tongji Model" in the system renovation of higher institutions in China. In April 2000, the expanded Tongji merged again with Shanghai Railway University. Now Tongji University has become a comprehensive university which offers a wide range of programs in science, engineering, medicine, arts, law, economics and management.〔(tongji history )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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